Browsing by Author "Ganesh, Raja"
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Item Dynamic effects of single fiber break in unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced composites(Sage Publications, 2016-09-15) Ganesh, Raja; Sockalingam, Subramani; Haque, Bazle Z. (Gama); Gillespie, John W. Jr.; Raja Ganesh, Subramani Sockalingam, Bazle Z. (Gama) Haque and John W. Gillespie, Jr.; Ganesh, Raja; Sockalingam, Subramani; Haque, Bazle Z. (Gama); Gillespie, John W. Jr.In a unidirectional composite under static tensile loading, breaking of a fiber is shown to be a locally dynamic process which leads to stress concentrations in the interface, matrix and neighboring fibers that can propagate at high speed over long distances. To gain better understanding of this event, a fiber-level finite element model of a 2-dimensional array of S2-glass fibers embedded in an elastic epoxy matrix with interfacial cohesive traction law is developed. The brittle fiber fracture results in release of stored strain energy as a compressive stress wave that propagates along the length of the broken fiber at speeds approaching the axial wave-speed in the fiber (6 km/s). This wave induces an axial tensile wave with a dynamic tensile stress concentration in adjacent fibers that diminishes with distance. Moreover, dynamic interfacial failure is predicted where debonding initiates, propagates and arrests at longer distances than predicted by models that assume quasi-static fiber breakage. In the case of higher strength fibers breaks, unstable debond growth is predicted. A stability criterion to define the threshold fiber break strength is derived based on an energy balance between the release of fiber elastic energy and energy absorption associated with interfacial debonding. A contour map of peak dynamic stress concentrations is generated at various break stresses to quantify the zone-of-influence of dynamic failure. The dynamic results are shown to envelop a much larger volume of the microstructure than the quasi-static results. The implications of dynamic fiber fracture on damage evolution in the composite are discussed.Item Experimental characterization of tensile properties of epoxy resin by using micro-fiber specimens(Sage Publications, 2016-09-21) Misumi, Jun; Ganesh, Raja; Sockalingam, Subramani; Gillespie, John W. Jr.; Jun Misumi, Raja Ganesh, Subramani Sockalingam, John W Gillespie; Misumi, Jun; Ganesh, Raja; Sockalingam, Subramani; Gillespie, John W. JrIn unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced plastic laminates, the distance between fibers can varies from submicron to micron length scales. The mechanical properties of the matrix at this length scale are not well understood. In this study, processing methods have been developed to produce high quality epoxy micro-fibers with diameters ranging from 100 to 150 µm that are used for tensile testing. Five types of epoxy resin systems ranging from standard DGEBA to high-crosslink TGDDM and TGMAP epoxy systems have been characterized. Epoxy macroscopic specimens with film thickness of 3300 µm exhibited brittle behavior (1.7 to 4.9% average failure strain) with DGEBA resin having the highest failure strain level. The epoxy micro-fiber specimens exhibited significant ductile behavior (20 to 42% average failure strain) with a distinct yield point being observed in all five resin systems. In addition, the ultimate stress of the highly cross-linked TGDDM epoxy fiber exceeded the bulk film properties by a factor of two and the energy absorption was over 50 times greater on average. The mechanism explaining the dramatic difference in properties is discussed and is based on size effects (the film volume is about 2000 times greater than the fiber volume within the gage sections) and surface defects. Based on the findings presented in this paper, the microscale fiber test specimens are recommended and provide more realistic stress–strain response for describing the role of the matrix in composites at smaller length scales.Item Experimental characterization of tensile properties of epoxy resin by using micro-fiber specimens(SAGE Publications, 2016) Misumi, Jun; Ganesh, Raja; Sockalingam, Subramani; Gillespie, John W. Jr.; Jun Misumi, Raja Ganesh, Subramani Sockalingam and John W Gillespie Jr.; Misumi, Jun; Ganesh, Raja; Sockalingam, Subramani; Gillespie, John W. Jr.In unidirectional carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) laminates, the distance between fibers can vary from submicron to micron length scales. The mechanical properties of the matrix at this length scale are not well understood. In this study, processing methods have been developed to produce high quality epoxy micro-fibers with diameters ranging from 100 to 150 um that are used for tensile testing. Five types of epoxy resin systems ranging from standard DGEBA to high-crosslink TGDDM and TGMAP epoxy systems have been characterized. Epoxy macroscopic specimens with film thickness of 3300 um exhibited brittle behavior (1.7 to 4.9% average failure strain) with DGEBA resin having the highest failure strain level. The epoxy micro-fiber specimens exhibited significant ductile behavior (20 to 42% average failure strain) with a distinct yield point being observed in all five resin systems. In addition, the ultimate stress of the highly cross-linked TGDDM epoxy fiber exceeded the bulk film properties by a factor of two and the energy absorption was over 50 times greater on average. The mechanism explaining the dramatic difference in properties are discussed and is based on size effects (the film volume is about 2000 times greater than the fiber volume within the gage sections) and surface defects. Based on the findings 3 presented in this paper, the microscale fiber test specimens are recommended and provide more realistic stress-strain response for describing the role of the matrix in composites at smaller length scales.