Browsing by Author "Spoljaric, N."
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Item Clay And Clay-Size Mineral Composition Of The Cretaceous-Tertiary Section, Test Well Je32-04, Central Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1988-09) Spoljaric, N.This study complements Delaware Geological Survey Bulletin No. 17 and deals exclusively with clays and clay-size minerals. The cored section at the location of Je32-04 has been subdivided into 25 clay zones on the basis of major changes in trends and degree of crystallinity of clay minerals. The composition of clay minerals varies from zone to zone. These clay minerals have been identified: kaolinite, berthierine, chlorite, illite, smectite, chlorite/smectite, illite/smectite, glauconite/smectite, and glauconite pellets. Other minerals present in the section include: zeolites (clinoptilolite-heulandite), gypsum, and elemental sulfur.Item Exploring, Drilling, And Producing Petroleum Offshore(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1979-12) Spoljaric, N.This report was prepared to provide a concise description of offshore operations related to exploration for petroleum (oil and natural gas) from the initial geologic and geophysical investigations to production. Petroleum deposits differ in their physical and chemical properties and are associated in the rocks with saline water. The origin of petroleum and its migration through rocks are not well understood. Commercial accumulations are found in certain suitable rocks or geologic structures - stratigraphic and structural traps, respectively. Prospective areas offshore are leased to exploration companies by the federal government. Exploration begins with geological and geophysical investigations that lead to the selection of smaller, promising areas. Detailed studies and drilling are then carried out and, if petroleum is found, various tests are performed to determine the volume of oil or gas or both. If the quantities are large, production facilities are designed and located on the site. The petroleum produced is transported to refining facilities or gas companies onshore by pipelines or tankers. Experience has shown that large, damaging oil spills are very rare. The most common cause of spills is marine transportation.Item Generalized Geologic Map of Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1976-04) Pickett, T.E.; Spoljaric, N.; Jordan, R.R.Item Generalized Geologic Map Of Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1966-08) Spoljaric, N.; Jordan, R.R.The Generalized Geologic Map of Delaware is a brief summary for general use indicating the major types and locations of rocks present throughout the State, and their interrelationships. The map is preliminary as it is a first step in a continuing program of detailed geologic mapping. It is based upon many existing sources of data; additional detail may be found in the references listed.Item Geologic And Hydrologic Aspects Of Landfills(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1982-03) Spoljaric, N.; Talley, J.H.In the United States more than 3.5 billion tons of solid waste are generated annually. Of this, more than 2 billion tons are agricultural waste, such as manure and crop waste. Almost 300 million tons are generated by commercial and industrial activities and municipalities, and another 1.1 billion tons are attributed to various mining operations (Vaughan, 1969). Increasing amounts of solid waste have had detrimental effects on environmental quality. It has become necessary to reprocess and reuse some, and to provide safe and environmentally acceptable ways of disposing of the remaining waste in properly constructed landfills. Pollution brought about by improperly constructed landfills may be very severe. For example, the contaminants generated by the waste at the old, abandoned Army Creek Landfill, New Castle County, Delaware, were so widespread that the situation received national attention. General and sincere concern expressed by many citizens of our State has prompted the Delaware Geological Survey to prepare this report. The report explains the functioning of a landfill, problems improperly constructed landfills may cause, and the geologic and hydrologic aspects that have to be considered in selecting a suitable disposal site for solid waste. The report does not contain discussions of other important factors, such as social impact, transportation, and specific health hazards, that must also be considered.Item Geologic Aspects Of Disposal Of Highly Radioactive Nuclear Waste(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1981-05) Spoljaric, N.This report was prepared to provide a simple but comprehensive overview of programs and concepts of highly radioactive waste disposal. This report is not based on original research, but was prepared from data and information reported in voluminous publications of the U.S. Department of Energy, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Geological Survey.Item Geologic Cross-Sections, Cenozoic Sediments of the Delmarva Peninsula and Adjacent Area(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1975) Spoljaric, N.Item Geology And Ground Water, University Of Delaware, Newark, Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1972-05) Woodruff, K.D.; Miller, J.C.; Jordan, R.R.; Spoljaric, N.; Pickett, T.E.The results of an intensive ground-water study on University of Delaware lands in the Newark area revealed additional sources of available ground water. Geophysical techniques, air-photo interpretation, studies of existing data, field mapping, test drilling, and pump tests were used as the bases for guiding additional well development. The study, conducted by the Delaware Geological Survey, was a cooperative effort between the University of Delaware and the City of Newark in response to mutual water supply problems. A potential ground-water yield of about 500 gpm was discovered on the University Laird Tract in the Piedmont Province. Ground water available from other locations in the Coastal Plain portion of the study area may total about 175 gpm. However, careful well development and proper well spacing will be necessary to obtain optimum yields.Item Geology Of The Fall Zone In Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1972-03) Spoljaric, N.The complex geologic framework of the Fall Zone in Delaware is primarily caused by diverse structural features present in the crystalline basement rocks that have exerted a considerable influence on the distribution of the overlying sediments of the Coastal Plain.Item Geology of the Middletown-Odessa Area, Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1971) Pickett, T.E.; Spoljaric, N.Item Geology, Hydrology, And Geophysics Of Columbia Sediments In The Middletown-Odessa Area, Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1970-08) Spoljaric, N.; Woodruff, K.D.Columbia sediments in the Middletown-Odessa area are composed of boulders, gravels, sands, silts and clays. These sediments are exposed in four gravel pits where their structures and textures were studied. Subsurface geology was interpreted on the basis of the well-log data from 40 holes drilled in the area of study. Columbia sediments were laid upon a surface made up of the greensands of the Rancocas Formation (Paleocene – Eocene age). The contact between the Rancocas and Columbia Formations is an erosional unconformity.Item Landsat View of Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1979) Spoljaric, N.In Delaware some linear features recognized on the Landsat image can be related to known faults. Others are interpreted as possible faults; the causes of some lineations are not yet known. Circular features are more difficult to interpret but they are similar to the domal structures and erosional features recognized in the Gulf Coast region, for example. These and the linear features of uncertain origin can be investigated by drilling and geophysical techniques after being localized by clues provided by the satellite images. Detection by satellite images and confirmation by other geologic techniques is an efficient and effective means of geologic investigation.Item Pleistocene Channels Of New Castle County, Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1967-05) Spoljaric, N.Two Pleistocene channel-systems are recognized in New Castle County, (1) a system of straight channels located in the area north of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal and (2) a braided system occupying the area south of the Canal. Fluctuations of the flow regime of Pleistocene streams were frequent as evidenced by sedimentary structures and widespread distribution of gravels in the channel deposits. During high stream flows most of the study area was submerged, while during low flows large interstream areas and islands emerged. The transporting agents of the Pleistocene sediments were primarily melt-water streams originating below glaciers which at times advanced to within 100 miles north of New Castle County. Thus, the age of the deposits is thought to be glacial, but there is no indication as to which glacial stage they belong. However, the channels appear to have been formed contemporaneously by a major distributary system.Item Quantitative Lithofacies Analysis Of Potomac Formation, Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1967-10) Spoljaric, N.The quantitative lithofacies analysis of the Potomac Formation in a small area west of Delaware City revealed that the deposition of these sediments was continuous throughout the time of their formation. The uppermost part of the Potomac sequence appears to have been removed, probably by erosion, prior to the deposition of the younger Upper Cretaceous marine sediments. The sand bodies contained in Potomac deposits have a shoestring channel form and were most probably deposited by unidirectional currents. The direction of the flows, however, cannot be determined on the basis of the available subsurface data.Item Removal Of Metallic Contaminants From Industrial Waste Waters By The Use Of Greensands, A Preliminary Report(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1975-01) Spoljaric, N.; Crawford, W.A.The Delaware Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Mines, has investigated glauconite-bearing greensand deposits in Delaware for several years. The purpose of this effort is to find possible practical uses for this potentially important mineral resource. This report briefly describes the preliminary results of one phase of the study: application of greensands to the purification of industrial waste waters.Item Removal Of Metals From Laboratory Solutions And Landfill Leachate By Greensand Filters(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1979-02) Spoljaric, N.; Crawford, W.A.Distilled water spiked with heavy metal cations was passed at a rate of 2-4 ml/min through a filter composed of greensand containing about 80 percent glauconite. The capability of the greensand to trap metal cations is increased by prolonging the contact time between the leachate and the greensand. Flushing the charged greensand filter with water does not cause significant release of cations back into solution, suggesting that polluted greensand might be disposed in landfills without adding pollutants to either ground or surface water in the vicinity.Item Selected Papers On The Geology Of Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1980-11) Jordan, R.R.; Pickett, T.E.; Kraft, J.C.; Sheridan, R.E.; Spoljaric, N.; Thompson, A.M.; Woodruff, K.D.; Varrin, R.D.; Leavens, P.B.; Carey, W.L.The Delaware Academy of Science has been instrumental in informing Delaware citizens about science and utilization of local resources. Since 1970 the annual meeting of the Delaware Academy of Science has been used as a time for presentation of ongoing research in various areas of science in the Delaware region. The proceedings of these meetings have resulted in publication of transactions of the Delaware Academy of Science. The 1976 annual meeting focused on aspects of the geology of Delaware. Members of the Delaware Geological Survey and the Geology Department at the University of Delaware contributed papers in their specific disciplines. This volume presents an overview of studies of geological features and processes of evolution of the geology of Delaware. Although this collection of papers does not represent an all-inclusive study of the subject, the selections included in this volume highlight past, present, and future trends in the study of Delaware's geology. It is hoped that the combined bibliographies of all the papers will provide a comprehensive view of the literature for further investigation into the geology of Delaware.Item Sodium Concentrations In Water From The Piney Point Formation, Dover Area, Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1986-02) Spoljaric, N.In the greater Dover area sodium concentrations in ground water from the glauconitic Piney Point Formation commonly exceed 100 parts per million. Investigation of chemical characteristics of the water, and statistical analyses of the results, show that these high concentrations are due to a natural ion-exchange process. Calcium in water replaces sodium in the mineral glauconite and causes the sodium enrichment in ground water.Item Stratigraphy Of The Post-Potomac Cretaceous-Tertiary Rocks Of Central Delaware(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1996) Benson, R.N.; Spoljaric, N.This Bulletin presents the subsurface stratigraphy of the post-Potomac Cretaceous and Tertiary rocks of the Atlantic Coastal Plain of central Delaware, between the Chesapeake and Delaware (C & D) Canal and Dover. Geophysical log correlations supported by biostratigraphic and lithologic data from boreholes in Delaware and nearby New Jersey provide the basis for the report. The stratigraphic framework presented here is important for identifying subsurface stratigraphic units penetrated by the numerous boreholes in this part of Delaware, particularly those rock units that serve as aquifers, because such knowledge allows for better prediction at ground-water movement and availability. Also, accurate stratigraphy is a prerequisite for interpreting the geologic history of the rocks and for the construction of maps that depict the structure and thickness of each unit.Item Unconformities In The Fluvial Columbia Sediments Revealed By Thin Pebble Beds(Newark, DE: Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, 1982-05) Spoljaric, N.An explanation is suggested for the origin of thin, laterally persistent pebble beds commonly found in the Columbia Formation of Delaware. The pebbles in the thin beds are usually less than 16 mm in diameter, well rounded, spherical, and composed mainly of resistant material: chert, vein quartz, and quartzite. The process thought to be responsible for the origin of these beds is a combination of erosion and transport of sand and pebbles in suspension by highly turbulent streams resulting in selective deposition of pebbles in thin, laterally persistent layers. An attempt is made to estimate quantitatively the amount of sand that has to be eroded to produce thin pebble beds. The results suggest that such pebble beds mark significant erosional unconformities within the fluvial Columbia sequence.