Browsing by Author "Tanaka, James W."
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Item Face Gender Influences the Looking Preference for Smiling Expressions in 3.5-Month-Old Human Infants(PLOS (Public Library of Science), 2015-06-11) Bayet, Laurie; Quinn, Paul C.; Tanaka, James W.; Lee, Kang; Gentaz, Édouard; Pascalis, Olivier; Laurie Bayet, Paul C. Quinn, James W. Tanaka, Kang Lee, Édouard Gentaz, Olivier Pascalis; Quinn, Paul C.Young infants are typically thought to prefer looking at smiling expressions. Although some accounts suggest that the preference is automatic and universal, we hypothesized that it is not rigid and may be influenced by other face dimensions, most notably the face’s gender. Infants are sensitive to the gender of faces; for example, 3-month-olds raised by female caregivers typically prefer female over male faces. We presented neutral versus smiling pairs of faces from the same female or male individuals to 3.5-month-old infants (n = 25), controlling for low-level cues. Infants looked longer to the smiling face when faces were female but longer to the neutral face when faces were male, i.e., there was an effect of face gender on the looking preference for smiling. The results indicate that a preference for smiling in 3.5-month-olds is limited to female faces, possibly reflective of differential experience with male and female faces.Item An other-race effect for configural and featural processing of faces: upper and lower face regions play different roles(Frontiers Media S.A., 2015-05-08) Wang, Zhe; Quinn, Paul C.; Tanaka, James W.; Yu, Xiaoyang; Sun, Yu-Hao P.; Liu, Jiangang; Pascalis, Olivier; Ge, Liezhong; Lee, Kang; Zhe Wang, Paul C.Quinn, James W.Tanaka, Xiaoyang Yu, Yu-Hao P. Sun, Jiangang Liu, Olivier Pascalis, Liezhong Ge and Kang Lee; ; Quinn, Paul C.We examined whether Asian individuals would show differential sensitivity to configural vs. featural changes to own- and other-race faces and whether such sensitivity would depend on whether the changes occurred in the upper vs. lower regions of the faces. We systematically varied the size of key facial features (eyes and mouth) of own-race Asian faces and other-race Caucasian faces, and the configuration (spacing) between the eyes and between the nose and mouth of the two types of faces. Results revealed that the other-race effect (ORE) is more pronounced when featural and configural spacing changes are in the upper region than in the lower region of the face. These findings reveal that information from the upper vs. lower region of the face contributes differentially to the ORE in face processing, and that processing of face race is influenced more by information location (i.e., upper vs. lower) than by information type (i.e., configural vs. featural).