Self-Reported Mental Health Measures of Incoming Collegiate Student-Athletes With a History of COVID-19

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Author(s)Anderson, Melissa N.
Author(s)Gallo, Caitlin A.
Author(s)Passalugo, Scott W.
Author(s)Nimeh, Jake M.
Author(s)Buckley, Thomas A.
Date Accessioned2023-11-28T16:07:34Z
Date Available2023-11-28T16:07:34Z
Publication Date2023-11-16
DescriptionThis article was originally published in Journal of Athletic Training. The version of record is available at: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0554.22. © by the National Athletic Trainers’ Association, Inc
AbstractBackground People with a history of COVID-19 may experience persistent neuropsychological disruptions such as lower satisfaction with life, depression, and anxiety. Although student-athletes are at low risk for severe COVID-19 complications, the effect of COVID-19 on mental health has not been elucidated. Objective To compare patient-reported mental health outcomes for incoming collegiate athletes with (COVID+) or without (COVID−) a history of COVID-19. Design Case-control study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants A total of 178 student-athletes, consisting of 79 in the COVID+ group (44.3%; age = 18.90 ± 0.16 years) and 99 in the COVID− group (55.6%; age = 18.95 ± 0.16 years). Main Outcome Measure(s) Participants completed the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Unadjusted 1-way analyses of variance were conducted across all patient-reported outcomes. Analyses of covariance were calculated to determine the interaction of COVID-19 group, sex, and race and ethnicity on outcomes. Post hoc Bonferroni testing was performed to identify specific differences between groups. A χ2 analysis was computed to compare the number of athletes in each group who met the standard clinical cut points. Results We observed a between-groups difference for HADS depression (P = .047), whereby athletes in the COVID+ group had higher ratings (2.86 ± 0.26). We found group differences for the SWLS (P = .02), HADS anxiety (P = .003), and STAI state anxiety (P = .01) such that all scores were higher for the COVID+ group in the adjusted model. Post hoc testing revealed that female student-athletes in the COVID+ group had worse HADS anxiety (P = .01) and STAI trait anxiety (P = .002) scores than individuals in all other groups. We did not demonstrate differences between groups in the percentage of responses below established diagnostic thresholds. Conclusions Incoming collegiate student-athletes who reported a previous COVID-19 diagnosis displayed higher depression scores, suggesting that clinicians may need to provide appropriate identification and referral for mental health conditions. However, we were encouraged that most participants, regardless of a history of COVID-19 diagnosis, had mental health scores that did not exceed established diagnostic threshold values. Key Points - Differences in mental health for student-athletes with and those without a history of COVID-19 were below the established clinical cut points for satisfaction with life, anxiety, and depression. - Female student-athletes reported worse anxiety than male student-athletes, regardless of their COVID-19 history.
CitationMelissa N. Anderson, Caitlin A. Gallo, Scott W. Passalugo, Jake M. Nimeh, Thomas A. Buckley; Self-Reported Mental Health Measures of Incoming Collegiate Student-Athletes With a History of COVID-19. J Athl Train 1 October 2023; 58 (10): 895–901. doi: https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0554.22
ISSN1938-162X
URLhttps://udspace.udel.edu/handle/19716/33633
Languageen_US
PublisherJournal of Athletic Training
Keywordspatient-reported outcome measures
Keywordspsychiatric status rating scales
Keywordslife satisfaction
Keywordscoronavirus
TitleSelf-Reported Mental Health Measures of Incoming Collegiate Student-Athletes With a History of COVID-19
TypeArticle
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