Apiaceous vegetables mitigate acrolein-induced lung injuries in C57BL/6J male mice
Date
2021
Authors
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Publisher
University of Delaware
Abstract
Acrolein (Acr) is a ubiquitous, highly reactive aldehyde, abundant in polluted air and cigarette smoke. Acr causes oxidative stress and a cascade of catalytic events and has, thereby, been associated with increased risk of pulmonary disease and other inflammatory diseases. Apiaceous vegetables (carrot family vegetables) are noteworthy for dietary prevention of inflammation and various cancers. However, whether API could prevent Acr-induced pulmonary toxicity has not yet been explored. In this study, we investigated the effects of API on Acr-induced pulmonary damages in male C57BL/6J mice. A total of 20 mice were assigned to either negative control (NEG group; AIN-93G diet only), positive control (POS group; AIN-93G+Acr) or apiaceous vegetable intervention group (API group; AIN-93G+21% API+Acr). After one week of dietary intervention, the POS and API mice were exposed to Acr (10 µmol/kg body weight daily) for five days. During the treatment period, assigned diets remained the same. Prominent indicators of toxicity within the lungs of POS mice were found, including mucus accumulation, macrophage infiltration, and hemorrhage, which appeared to be ameliorated in API mice. Serum and lung inflammation markers, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β), were also increased by Acr while reduced by API. Furthermore, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP; a necrosis marker) was increased in the POS group while decreased in the lungs of API mice. Similarly, DNA repair genes [e.g., breast cancer type 1 susceptibility protein (Brca1) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (Pcna)] within the lungs were decreased in POS compared to NEG, but the genes were normalized in API mice. In the liver, API upregulated expression of glutathione S-transferases (GST), which enhanced the metabolism of Acr into water-soluble 3-hydroxypropyl mercapturic acid for excretion, which is consistent with observed reductions in serum Acr-protein adducts. In conclusion, apiaceous vegetables may provide protection against Acr-induced pulmonary damages via downregulation of inflammatory pathways and/or enhancement of the detoxification of Acr.
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Keywords
Acrolein, Apiaceous vegetable, Inflammation, Pulmonary, Reactive aldehyde